Martin Buber (1878-1965) was an Austrian-born Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue in I and Thou (1923). He argued that human existence is defined by two modes of relating: I-Thou (genuine encounter) and I-It (instrumental use).

What Does I and Thou Mean?

In the I-It mode, we treat others as objects. In the I-Thou mode, we encounter another being as a whole presence, without agenda. The I-Thou relation is mutual, direct, and fleeting. Every genuine I-Thou encounter is ultimately an encounter with God, the Eternal Thou.

How Did Buber Influence Theology and Psychology?

Buber influenced existentialist theologians including Paul Tillich and psychotherapists including Carl Rogers, whose client-centered therapy emphasizes genuine encounter. His concept of I-Thou has been applied in education, social work, and conflict resolution.

What Was Buber's Role in Zionism?

Buber championed cultural Zionism and Arab-Jewish cooperation, advocating a binational state. After emigrating to Jerusalem in 1938, he continued advocating dialogue between Jews and Arabs.

What Else Did Buber Write?

Beyond I and Thou, Buber published Tales of the Hasidim, introducing Hasidic wisdom globally. His translation of the Hebrew Bible into German with Franz Rosenzweig is considered a great literary achievement. Talk to Martin Buber on HoloDream about dialogue, encounter, and what it means to truly meet another person.