Enkidu is a central figure in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the oldest surviving work of literature (c. 2100 BCE). Created by the gods from clay and set in the wilderness, Enkidu is a wild man who becomes Gilgamesh's closest companion, and whose death sends the king on his quest for immortality.

How Was Enkidu Created?

The gods created Enkidu to be a counterpart to Gilgamesh, whose tyrannical behavior over the people of Uruk had prompted their prayers for relief. Enkidu was formed from clay and placed among the animals of the wild, living as a beast, eating grass, and drinking at watering holes. He was civilized through an encounter with Shamhat, a temple priestess, who taught him the ways of humanity over seven days.

What Is the Friendship Between Enkidu and Gilgamesh?

Enkidu and Gilgamesh initially fight when Enkidu challenges the king's right to claim brides on their wedding night. Their combat ends in mutual respect, and they become inseparable companions. Together they slay the guardian Humbaba in the Cedar Forest and kill the Bull of Heaven sent by the goddess Ishtar.

Why Does Enkidu Die?

The gods decree that one of the two heroes must die as punishment for killing Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven. Enkidu falls ill and dies over twelve days. His death scenes are among the most emotionally powerful passages in ancient literature, as he curses and then blesses his fate, and Gilgamesh refuses to accept his death until a worm falls from the body.

What Does Enkidu Represent?

Enkidu represents the natural world, the cost of civilization, and the irreplaceable nature of true companionship. His transformation from wild man to civilized being and his subsequent death raise questions about what is gained and lost in becoming human. Chat with Enkidu on HoloDream about wildness, friendship, and what it means to become fully human.